Software engineers are computer science professionals. They design, develop, test, and maintain software, apps, and operating systems. They are behind the digital world we live in today.
A career as a software engineer can be very rewarding and intellectually stimulating. It allows individuals to explore their creativity and design innovative solutions for real-world problems.
Whether you are an aspiring software engineer or just curious about this profession, this article will guide you on what software engineers do and much more.
What do software engineers do?
Software engineers wear many hats and perform a multitude of responsibilities in an organisation. Some of their typical roles are:
Design
Engineers design algorithms and data structures to solve problems. They first create a roadmap for how they will build the software. Next, they decide on the overall structure and how the different parts will interact with each other.
Writing codes
Engineers start by understanding the software’s design specifications. And, then they use programming languages like Java or Python to write the code. Once written, the code is reviewed and tested to ensure it works as expected.
Debugging
The software may produce invalid results due to the presence of an error or bug. When a bug is detected, software engineers use debugging tools and techniques to find out the problem causing this issue. Once the problem is identified, they take the necessary steps to eliminate it.
Platform compatibility
Before the software is launched, it is tested on different platforms to ensure compatibility. Based on testing results, they may need optimization for specific platforms. For instance, an app might work great on iOS but require adjustments to run smoothly on Android.
Software maintenance
Continuous care of software applications is required to keep them relevant and reliable over time. Furthermore, users’ needs are changing continuously due to rapid technological advancements. To stay useful, software must evolve with time.
Hence, engineers collect user feedback, monitor software performance, and address potential issues. They fix problems and launch software updates to meet changing needs.
Performance optimization
It is the process of improving the speed and overall performance of software. Engineers optimise code to ensure the software runs efficiently and meets performance targets.
Research
Engineers must stay updated with the latest technologies and tools to excel in this field. Hence, they conduct research to identify solutions to problems.
They study new programming languages. They also keep an eye on emerging trends. They could use them in their projects to stay competitive in the ever-evolving industry.
Security
As the dependency on technology increases, so does the rate of cybercrimes. In 2022, 493.33 million ransomware attempts were recorded in industries worldwide, showing the need to improve security measures.
Software engineers regularly work on identifying potential vulnerabilities. They implement standard security measures to protect user data and prevent unauthorised access.
Integration
It is the responsibility of a software engineer to connect different software components and systems. It allows these components to share data and work together as one unit. They also test integrations to ensure they are successful and allow smooth communication between all parts.
Documentation
Software engineers create written guides like user guides and system architecture diagrams. They help other engineers or developers understand different aspects of their project. Additionally, they help users understand how to use the software effectively and what the purpose of different features is.
Collaboration
Engineers often work with project managers, developers, and designers. It helps them ensure they all work towards the mutual goal and complete projects on time and within budget. Additionally, it promotes a positive collaborative environment, leading to high-quality software development.
What skills do you need to be a software engineer?
Hard skills
- Programming: You should know how to write, test, and maintain codes using different programming languages such as Java, Python, C++, etc.
- Operating systems: Systems like Linux, Windows, and macOS have their unique architecture and processes. Engineers should understand all these systems so they can handle tasks like software compatibility, performance optimization, and overall system security.
- Data structures and algorithms: You should know how to organise data and create algorithms to solve complex problems in a few steps.
- Databases: You should know how to use different forms of data for your varying project-related needs.
- Web development: It is one of the most essential skills that allow you to create secure and responsive websites and web applications.
- Debugging: You should know what techniques you need to identify and fix errors to make the software fully functional again.
- Data administration: A software engineer must know how to handle database systems efficiently. They must also possess knowledge of data security best practices so they can protect sensitive information.
Soft skills
- Communication: You need to have good written and oral communication skills. They will allow you to easily convey your message and ideas to other team members and make non-technical people understand complex topics.
- Teamwork: You need to be able to collaborate efficiently with other team members, such as designers, product managers, and quality assurance testers. It will allow you to achieve mutual goals fast.
- Attention to detail: This skill ensures the accuracy and reliability of the software you design, test, and maintain, leaving no room for errors.
- Adaptability: Technology and users’ needs are evolving fast. To stay ahead in the game, you should always be willing to learn new things. You should be able to adapt to changing environments.
- Problem-solving: You should know how to find problems, their root causes and then design suitable solutions on time.
How much do software engineers make?
Software engineering is an in-demand and high-paying job. Glassdoor data reveals that an average software engineer earns approximately $139,683 annually in the US. The total pay range varies from $111K to $178K.
However, these numbers are not fixed. Your salary can vary depending on your experience level, qualifications and location.
A day in the life of a software engineer
A software engineer’s day usually starts with a brief meeting with the team to discuss the day’s goals. They spend a lot of time writing, reviewing, and optimising code. After coding, they test the code to check whether it functions as planned.
They may have meetings with other employees to ensure everything related to the project is going smoothly. They may also spend time researching the latest trends, tools, and technologies to stay updated.
Software developer vs. software engineer
Software developers mainly focus on coding and implementing software applications according to pre-defined specifications. They are skilled in coding, debugging, and ensuring the software functions as intended.
On the other hand, a software engineer takes a broader approach. They work on the entire software development procedure. They design, plan, and develop the architecture of software.
Software engineer interview questions
Are you planning to give an interview for a software engineering job? Here are the questions you must prepare before you go.
- What are the different kinds of code tests?
- How do you debug an error when the codebase is large and complex?
- How would you design a scalable architecture for a social media platform?
- What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?
- Describe a challenging project you have worked on and how you managed hurdles.
Questions people ask about software engineering
How long does it take to become a software engineer?
It depends on various factors, such as your starting point and the depth of expertise you want to achieve. A bachelor’s degree in a related field typically takes about four years. Then, you may need one to two years to gain experience before landing a good job.
Is software engineering hard?
Software engineering can be challenging, but it is also a rewarding job. Success in this field depends on your problem-solving, logical thinking and learning skills.
Will AI replace software engineers?
AI and automation will definitely change how software engineering tasks are performed. However, they are unlikely to replace software engineers entirely. As a software engineer, you can use AI to assist with repetitive tasks and perform other similar functions.
Do software engineers work from home?
Yes, many software engineers work from home, especially if most of their work is computer based.
How many hours do software engineers work?
The number of hours software engineers work can vary depending on various factors, such as their project size. However, most of the software engineers work 40 to 45 hours per week.
Do I need a degree to be a software engineer?
While a degree in a relevant field can be beneficial, it is not always required. Many successful software engineers are self-taught and have completed relevant courses.
Summary
Software engineers craft technological solutions that have shaped the digital world. They are programmers, coders, problem solvers, creative thinkers, and lifelong learners.
It is a rewarding field that offers numerous opportunities. However, it also demands a lot of dedication and adaptability as technology continually evolves.
Software engineering is a good career path for innovative people who are interested in technology and want to contribute to the digital world we live in today.